Incidental findings involving the temporomandibular joint on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is frequently imaged in head and neck computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Depending on the indication for the study, an abnormality of the TMJ may be an incidental finding. These findings encompass both intra- and extra-articular disorders. They may also be related to local, regional or systemic conditions. Familiarity with these findings along with pertinent clinical information helps narrow the list of differential diagnoses. While definitive diagnosis may not be immediately apparent, a systematic approach contributes to improved discussions between clinicians and radiologists and better patient management.

Immunological CD4+ T-cell recovery and prognostic influencing factors in elderly HIV/AIDS patients of different genders after antiviral therapy / 中国热带医学

@#Objective　To investigate the prognostic influencing factors and recovery of CD4+ T lymphocytes in elderly HIV/AIDS patients after antiviral therapy by analyzing basic data and clinical follow-up data of elderly HIV/AIDS patients. Methods　The clinical data of 3 618 elderly AIDS patients aged ≥50 yeas who received antiretroviral therapy (ART) at HIV ART sites in Liuzhou City from 2005-2015 were collected. The data, including basic information, CD4+ T cell count, WHO clinical stage, infection route and follow-up, were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the differences in patient survival, multivariate Cox regression to analyze the independent influencing factors influencing the risk of death, and to compare the recovery of CD4+ T cell counts during follow-up of patients of different genders. Results　During the follow-up period, the 5-year cumulative survival rate up to the observation endpoint was 0.82 (female) and 0.66 (male). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors affecting the effect of antiviral treatment were age (OR=1.909, 95%CI:1.474-2.464, P<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.744, 95%CI: 0.574-0.965, P=0.026), opportunistic infections (OI) (OR=1.223, 95%CI:1.028-1.454, P=0.023), gender (OR=0.692, 95%CI:0.503-0.952, P=0.023) and baseline CD4+ T lymphocytes count (OR=0.563, 95%CI:0.429-0.739, P<0.001). Recovery of CD4+ T lymphocyte counts showed when baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte counts were less than 200 cells/mm3, older women with HIV/AIDS had higher CD4+ T lymphocytes than men at all times of ART treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions　Older women have a higher survival rate than older men after five years of antiviral therapy. Age, BMI, gender, OI and baseline CD4+T lymphocyte count may be important indicators that affect the survival of elderly HIV/AIDS patients. Older women showed better recovery of CD4+ T lymphocytes than older men during the 4-year follow-up period after ART.

Application progress on anti-skin aging effect of traditional Chinese medicine / 药学学报

With the aging of population intensifies and the level of population health have improved, thus much attention has been directed to how to delaying or preventing skin aging. Skin aging is associated with age, ultraviolet and lifestyle, mainly characterized as skin sagging, wrinkles, pigmentation, so it is urgent to seek traditional Chinese medicine and related cosmetics to solve the problem of skin aging. Traditional Chinese medicine has the functions of anti-oxidation, enhancing human immunity, promoting body metabolism and regulating endocrine, therefore, it has become a research focus in anti-skin aging. This article reviews the skin aging mechanism and the research advances of traditional Chinese medicine anti-skin aging, in order to provide a reference for future research and development of anti-aging traditional Chinese medicine.

Anti-osteoporosis mechanism of Panax quiquefolium L. based on zebrafish model and metabonomics / 药学学报

In this study, we investigated the anti-osteoporotic activity and mechanism of action of extract of Panax quiquefolium L. based on zebrafish model combined with metabolomics technology. A zebrafish model of prednisolone-induced osteoporosis was used to compare the anti-osteoporotic activity of Panax quiquefolium L., and the expression of osteoblast-associated genes and osteoclast-associated genes in zebrafish was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), using bone fluorescence area and fluorescence density as evaluation indexes. Metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to explore the change patterns of biomarkers and the metabolic pathways affected. The results showed that the 50% ethanol extracts of Panax quiquefolium L. from Jilin, Canada, Wenden and the United States can significantly improve the bone fluorescence area of zebrafish compared with model group. Furthermore, four sources 50% ethanol extracts of Panax quiquefolium L. except United States also can significantly improve the bone fluorescence density of zebrafish. In addition, PCR showed that extract of Panax quiquefolium L. can significantly up-regulated the expression of vitamin D receptor b (vdrb), collagen type I α2 (col1a2) and cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein (sparc) genes, and down-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9), anti-tartrase acid phosphatase (trap) and cathepsin K (ctsk) genes. Metabolomic analysis identified 24 key differential metabolites. Furthermore, pathway analysis showed that Panax quiquefolium L. could regulate the levels of 10 key biomarkers by participating in purine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate metabolism and improve the osteoporosis status of zebrafish. This study preliminically revealed the anti-osteoporosis mechanism of 50% ethanol extract from Panax quiquefolium L. through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway and also provides theoretical basis for clinical development and utilization of anti-osteoporosis products of Panax quiquefolium L. This experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Biology, Shandong Academy of Sciences (approval number: SWS20181002).

Differences in related indicators after Toric intraocular lens implantation in cataract patients with different axial lengths / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the differences in visual recovery, corneal astigmatism, and rotation stability of Toric intraocular lens(TIOL)implantation in cataract patients with different axial lengths.METHODS: Retrospective analysis. A total of 132 patients(132 eyes)with age-related cataract and corneal astigmatism who underwent phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with TIOL implantation in our hospital's ophthalmology department from February 2021 to September 2022 were selected. They were divided into two groups based on the axial length: the group with axial length ≤24mm(79 cases, 79 eyes)and the group with axial length &#x003E;24mm(53 cases, 53 eyes). Compare the best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), corneal astigmatism, and TIOL rotation between the two groups of patients at 3mo after surgery.RESULT: After 3mo of surgery, both groups of patients had improved BCDVA and significantly decreased corneal astigmatism compared to those before surgery(P&#x003C;0.001). However, there was no difference in BCDVA and corneal astigmatism between the two groups(P&#x003E;0.05), and there was no significant difference in TIOL rotation between the two groups [(5.24±3.72)° vs.(6.36±4.21)°, P=0.110].CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in visual recovery, corneal astigmatism, and TIOL rotational stability after TIOL implantation in cataract patients with different axial lengths.

Application value of short-term prehabilitation in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal tumor surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of short-term prehabilitation in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal tumor surgery.Methods:Elderly patients(139 cases) with gastrointestinal tumors who were admitted to Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University for surgery from December 2020 to January 2022 were included through the purposive sampling method, and were divided into the intervention group (69 cases) and the control group (70 cases) according to the patient's wishes using a quasi-experimental research design of non randomized grouped. Routine perioperative nursing was used in the control group, while the short-term prehabilitation was used in the intervention group in addition. The incidence of postoperative complications, the performance indicators, and postoperative functional recovery indicators were analyzed in the two groups.Results:The 6MWD in the intervention group of 1 day and 7 days after the surgery were (460.93 ± 76.36) m and (391.72 ± 72.93) m, which were significant higher than those in the control group, (423.69 ± 72.88) m and (351.13 ± 65.04) m ( t = 8.65, 12.01, both P<0.05). The first exhaust time, first postoperative ambulatory time, the first full fluid intake time and the duration of drainage tube indwelling in the intervention group were (51.28 ± 21.74) h, (33.93 ± 12.50) h, (69.39 ± 29.36) h and (4.30 ± 1.44) d, which were significant lower than those in the control group, (71.51 ± 23.68) h, (47.37 ± 14.58) h, (96.29 ± 38.36) h and (5.35 ± 2.09) d ( t values were -5.83 - -3.44, all P<0.05). Besides, the best critical value of preoperative 6MWD to predict postoperative rehabilitation effect was 477.5 m, with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 71%. Conclusions:Short-term prehabilitation improves the perioperative functional reserve and promotes overall functional recovery after surgery to a certain extent, and the postoperative functional recovery effect may be better when the patient′s preoperative 6MWD reaches 477.5 m.

Evaluation of p16/Ki-67 double-stained immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of human papilloma virus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of p16/Ki-67 double-stained immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(opscc) and find out the optimal index to improve the accuracy of HPV detection. Methods: A total of 153 cases, from May 2014 to May 2020, diagnosed OPSCC in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, were selected. This cohort included 130 males and 23 females, aged (58.6±10.0) years old. HPV RNA in situ hybridization was chosen as the gold standard to detect their HPV status. p16 immunohistochemistry and p16/Ki-67 double-stained immunohistochemistry were performed on all cases, and the p16/Ki-67 double positive index including 20%, 40%, and 60% were used as the thresholds to compare their sensitivity, specificity, and positive prediction value (PPV), negative prediction value (NPV) and prognosis prediction ability. Results: Among the 153 patients with OPSCC, 114 were HPV-negative and 39 were HPV-positive, and the HPV infection rate of OPSCC patients was 25.5% (39/153). Only 58.1% (36/62) of single p16 positive cases were HPV-positive, and the prognosis of patients could not be distinguished using p16 immunohistochemistry only. Using p16/Ki-67 double staining, the accuracy of HPV positive diagnosis has been improved. The HPV diagnostic ability was the highest when the p16/Ki-67 double positive index was 40% (sensitivity=86.8%, specificity=94.8%, PPV=84.6%, NPV=95.6%, area under the curve=0.897), which could distinguish the prognosis of patients (P=0.012). Conclusions: The p16/Ki-67 double-stained immunohistochemistry can improve the accuracy of HPV positive diagnosis rate and diagnosis of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is the most accurate when the double-positive index is 40% as the threshold to judge HPV status and could serve as better surrogate marker for HPV detection.

Chronic cold stress-induced myocardial injury: effects on oxidative stress, inflammation and pyroptosis

Background@#Hypothermia is a crucial environmental factor that elevates the risk of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying effect is unclear. @*Objectives@#This study examined the role of cold stress (CS) in cardiac injury and its underlying mechanisms. @*Methods@#In this study, a chronic CS-induced myocardial injury model was used; mice were subjected to chronic CS (4°C) for three hours per day for three weeks. @*Results@#CS could result in myocardial injury by inducing the levels of heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70), enhancing the generation of creatine phosphokinase-isoenzyme (CKMB) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) interleukin1b (IL-1β), IL-18, IL-6, and triggering the depletion of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). Multiple signaling pathways were activated by cold exposure, including pyroptosis-associated NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3)-regulated caspase-1-dependent/Gasdermin D (GSDMD), inflammation-related toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), as well as oxidative stressinvolved thioredoxin-1/thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) signaling pathways, which play a pivotal role in myocardial injury resulting from hypothermia. @*Conclusions@#These findings provide new insights into the increased risk of cardiovascular disease at extremely low temperatures.

Effects of 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops(Ⅱ)on corneal nerves of patients with moderate to severe dry eye / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the efficacy of domestic cyclosporine A(CsA)in dry eye and its effect on sub-basal nerves(SBN)by observing quantitative and morphological changes in corneal SBN of patients with moderate to severe dry eye before and after the treatment with 0.05% CsA eye drops(Ⅱ).METHODS: In this prospective study, a total of 20 patients(20 eyes)with moderate to severe dry eye who admitted to the ophthalmology department of the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University from December 2020 to January 2022 were selected. They were treated with domestic CsA and followed up for 3mo. Clinical evaluation was carried out at baseline and at 3mo after treatment. The changes in clinical symptoms, signs and morphology and quantity of SBN were observed.RESULTS: The ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score, the tear break-up time(TBUT), Schirmer Ⅰ, corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)score were significantly improved at 3mo after treatment. Confocal microscopy data analysis showed that SBN density increased from 13.49±5.43 mm/mm2 to 14.93±5.34 mm/mm2(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001), nerve curvature scores decreased from 2.86±0.92 to 2.31±0.75(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001), number of beaded structure decreased from 1.45±0.67/100μm to 1.07±0.45/100μm(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001), and the number of dendritic cell(DC)decreased from 5.83±3.28 per frame to 3.67±2.24 per frame at 3mo after treatment(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001). The number of DC was positively correlated with the number of branch nerves, the grade of nerve curvature and the number of nerve bead.(rs=0.27, P=0.045; rs=0.407, P&#x0026;#x003C;0.01; rs=0.486, P&#x0026;#x003C;0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Nerve injury was positively correlated with corneal inflammation caused by dry eye, and 0.05%CsA eye drops(II)could effectively inhibit inflammation and improve the morphology and quantity of corneal SBN. Observation of corneal SBN via in vivo confocal microscopy can be used as an effective method to evaluate the therapeutic effect of dry eye patients.

Efficacy and safety of tea tree essential oil with different concentrations in the treatment of Demodex blepharitis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To analyze the effectiveness and safety of different concentrations of tea tree essential oil in the treatment of Demodex blepharitis. <p>METHODS: The clinical data of 120 patients(240 eyes)with blepharitis caused by Demodex infection in our hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the use of tea tree essential oil concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%, patients were divided into 4 groups(group A, group B, group C, group D), each group with 30 people. All patients were given meibomian gland massage, eyelid margin cleaning, and then scrubbed with different concentrations of tea tree oil to clean the eyelid margin. The number of demodex mites, clinical symptom score, clinical sign score, tear film break-up time(BUT), corneal fluorescein staining(FL)and SchirmerⅠtest(SⅠt)were compared before and 2, 4wk after treatment.<p>RESULTS: The number of Demodex mites, clinical symptom score, clinical sign score, BUT, FL and SⅠt were not statistically significant in the four groups before treatment(<i>P</i>>0.05). After treatment, the number of Dmodex mites, clinical symptom score, and clinical sign score in each group were lower than those before treatment, and the number of Demodex mites, clinical symptom score, and clinical sign score after 4wk of treatment in each group were lower than those after 2wk of treatment(all <i>P</i><0.008). After 2 and 4wk of treatment, the number, clinical symptom score and clinical signs score of Demodex mites in group A were the highest, while those in group D were the lowest(all <i>P</i><0.008). After treatment, the BUT of each group was higher than before treatment, and reached the peak in the 4wk. After 2 and 4wk of treatment, BUT among groups was highest in group D and lowest in group A(all <i>P</i><0.008). After treatment, FL and S I t of each group were lower than before treatment, and reached the lowest value in the 4wk. After 2 and 4wk of treatment, FL among the groups was the lowest in group D and the highest in group A(all <i>P</i><0.008). <p>CONCLUSION: Compared with 10% tea tree essential oil, 15% tea tree essential oil can effectively repel mites, relieve clinical symptoms and eye signs in patients with Demodex blepharitis, and is safer than 20% and 25% tea tree essential oils. As the preferred concentration of tea tree essential oil against Demodex blepharitis.

D-methionine eradicates Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms by suppressing the cyclic di-GMP level / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the mechanisms by which D-methionine (D-Met) eradicates Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms by suppressing cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) levels.@*Methods @#Cell viability, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured to determine the effective concentrations of D-Met, which were subsequently used in the following experiments. During the P. gingivalis biofilm formation inhibition experiment and the mature biofilm disassembly experiment, biofilm biomass, exopolysaccharide (EPS), biofilm morphology, integrity of the cell membrane, and the level of c-di-GMP were determined. @*Results @# D-Met < 40 mmol/L was biocompatible. During the biofilm formation inhibition and mature biofilm disassembly experiments, D-Met ≥ 20 mmol/L decreased the biofilm biomass and the production of EPS. SEM analysis showed that the extracellular matrix and bacterial density were drastically reduced by D-Met ≥ 20 mmol/L. TEM detection showed that 35 mmol/L D-Met ruptured the cell membrane during biofilm formation and increased the permeability of the cell membrane in the disassembly phase of mature biofilms. C-di-GMP levels decreased with increasing concentrations of D-Met in a concentration-dependent manner.@* Conclusion @# D-Met ≥ 20 mmol/L could eradicate P. gingivalis biofilms by suppressing c-di-GMP levels.

Prenatal genetic diagnosis of the fetuses with isolated corpus callosum abnormality / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective:To explore the application value of chromosome karyotype analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and whole exome sequencing (WES) in prenatal diagnosis of isolated corpus callosum abnormality (CCA) fetus.Methods:Fetuses diagnosed with isolated CCA by ultrasound and MRI and receiving invasive prenatal diagnosis in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center and Qingyuan People′s Hospital from January 2010 to April 2021 were selected. Karyotype analysis and/or CMA [or copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq)] were performed on all fetal samples, and WES was performed on fetal samples and their parents whose karyotype analysis and/or CMA (or CNV-seq) results were not abnormal.Results:Among 65 fetuses with isolated CCA, 38 cases underwent karyotype analysis, and 3 cases were detected with abnormal karyotypes, with a detection rate of 8% (3/38). A total of 49 fetuses with isolated CCA underwent CMA (or CNV-seq) detection, and 6 cases of pathogenic CNV were detected, the detection rate was 12% (6/49). Among them, the karyotype analysis results were abnormal, and the detection rate of further CMA detection was 1/1. The karyotype results were normal, and the detection rate of further CMA (or CNV-seq) detection was 14% (3/21). The detection rate of CMA as the first-line detection technique was 7% (2/27). A total of 25 fetuses with isolated CCA with negative results of karyotyping and/or CMA were tested by WES, and 9 cases (36%, 9/25) were detected with pathogenic genes. The gradient genetic diagnosis of chromosomal karyotyping, CMA and WES resulted in a definite genetic diagnosis of 26% (17/65) of isolated CCA fetuses.Conclusions:Prenatal genetic diagnosis of isolated CCA fetuses is of great clinical significance. The detection rate of CMA is higher than that of traditional karyotyping. CMA detection could be used as a first-line detection technique for fetuses with isolated CCA. WES could increase the pathogenicity detection rate of fetuses with isolated CCA when karyotype analysis and/or CMA test results are negative.

Sensory and sympathetic nerves are involved in the changes of skin temperature, blood infusion and inflammatory cytokines of cutaneous tissue in the sensitized area of colitis rats / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the changes of skin temperature, blood infusion and inflammatory cytokines of cutaneous tissue in the sensitized area of colitis model rats, as well as the relationship between sensory and sympathetic nerves and the formation of sensitized area, and to initially reveal the partial physical-chemical characteristics of the sensitized area in the colitis model rats.@*METHODS@#Thirty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=10), a model group (n=18) and a guanethidine group (n=7). 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was adopted for 6-day free drinking to establish colitis model in the model group and the guanethidine group. On day 6 and 7, in the guanethidine group, guanethidine solution (30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for sympathetic block. On day 7, after injection of evans blue (EB) solution, the EB extravasation areas on the body surface were observed to investigate the distribution and physical-chemical characteristics of the sensitized area. The control area was set up, 0.5 cm away from the sensitized area, and with the same nerve segment innervation. Disease activity index (DAI) score of rats was compared between the normal group and the model group, and the morphological changes in the colon tissue were investigated with HE method. Using infrared thermal imaging technology and laser speckle flow imaging technology, skin temperature and blood infusion were determined in the sensitized area and the control area of the rats in the model group. Immunofluorescence technique was adopted to observe the expression levels of the positive nerve fibers of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and the correlation with blood vessels; as well as the expression levels of SP positive nerve fibers/tryptase+ mast cells, and tryptase+ mast cells/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in skin tissue in the sensitized area and the control area of the rats in the model group. MSD multi-level factorial method and ELISA were applied to determine the contents of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10) and anti-inflammatory substance corticosterone (CORT).@*RESULTS@#Sensitization occurred at the T12-S1 segments of the colitis model rats, especially at L2-L5 segments. Compared with the normal group, DAI score was increased in the rats of the model group (P<0.05), and the colonic mucosal damage was obvious, with the epithelial cells disordered, even disappeared, crypt destructed, submucosal edema and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated. In comparison with the control area, the skin temperature and blood infusion were increased in the sensitized area of the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01); as well as the expression levels of the positive nerve fibers of SP, CGRP and TH of skin tissue (P<0.05), which was specially distributed in peripheral vessels, the expression levels of SP positive nerve fibers/tryptase+ mast cells, and tryptase+ mast cells/5-HT of the skin tissue were all expanded (P<0.05) in the sensitized area of the model group. Compared with the model group, the number of sensitized areas was reduced in the guanethidine group (P<0.05). In comparison with the control area of the model group, in the sensitized area, the contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g. TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and the anti-inflammatory substance CORT of skin tissue were all increased (P<0.05); and the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α were negatively correlated with CORT (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The sensitized areas on the body surface of colitis rats are mainly distributed in the L2-L5 segments. Sensory and sympathetic nerves are involved in the acupoint sensitization, and the sensitized areas may have the dynamic changes in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory substances.

A new classification of maxillary defect and simultaneous accurate reconstruction / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To select the preferred flaps for the reconstruction of different maxillary defects and to propose a new classification of maxillary defects. Methods: A total of 219 patients (136 males and 83 females) underwent the simultaneous reconstruction of maxillary defects in the Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2005 and December 2018 were reviewed. Age ranged from 16 to 78 years. Based on the proposed new classification of the maxillary defects, 22 patients with class Ⅰ defects (inferior maxillectomy), 44 patients with class Ⅱ defects (supperior maxillectomy), 132 patients with class Ⅲ defects (total maxillectomy) and 21 patients with class Ⅳ defects (extensive maxillectomy) were enrolled. Survival rate, functional and aesthetic outcomes of flaps were evaluated. Survival analysis was performed in 169 patients with malignant tumor, Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate, and Log-rank method was used to compare the difference of survival rate in each group. Results: A total of 234 repairs for maxillary defects were performed in 219 patients. Fibula flaps were used in 4/13 of class Ⅰ defects; temporal muscle flaps (11/24, 45.8%) and anterolateral thigh flaps (6/24, 25.0%) used in class Ⅱ defects; temporal muscle flaps (71/128, 55.5%), anterolateral thigh flaps (6/24, 25.0%) and fibula flaps (12/128, 9.4%) used in class Ⅲ defects; and anterolateral thigh flaps (8/20, 40.0%) and rectus abdominis flaps (8/20, 40.0%) used in class Ⅳ defects. The success rate of local pedicled flaps was 95.6% (109/114) and that of free flaps was 95.8% (115/120). Thrombosis(10/234,4.3%) was a main reason for repair failure. Among the followed-up 88 patients, swallowing and speech functions recovered, 82 (93.2%) of them were satisfied with appearance, and 75 (85.2%) were satisfied with visual field. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 66.5% and 63.6%, and the 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 57.1% and 46.2%, respectively, in the 169 patients with malignant tumors. Conclusion: A new classification of maxillary defects is proposed, on which suitable flaps are selected to offer patients good functional and aesthetic outcomes and high quality of life.

Comparison of the stability of different concentrations of fluorescein sodium on the detection of tear film rupture time / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To analyze the stability of different concentrations of fluorescein sodium solution on the detection of tear break-up time(TBUT).METHODS:A retrospective study. A total of 150 cases(150 eyes)who came to our dry eye clinic with good cooperation from August 2019 to September 2021 were selected for the study, and the subjects were randomly divided into five groups, which were fluorescein sodium(FLS, 0.5%), FLS(1.0%), FLS(1.5%), FLS(2.0%)and fluorescein sodium parallel(FLSP), with 30 patients in each group(all the right eyes were the subject eyes). Each group was dripped with the corresponding fluorescein sodium. The FLSP group was the fluorescent test strip detection group. The slit lamp image scores of different concentration groups were compared, the survival time of sodium fluorescein at the instant, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 30min points was observed in each group, and the mean value of TBUT in each group was recorded.RESULTS: The image score of FLS(0.5%)group was significantly higher than that of the other four groups(t=7.746, 21.483, 116.190, 38.730, all P&#x003C;0.01). The image score of FLS(1.0%)group was significantly higher than that of FLS(1.5%)and FLS(2.0%)group(t=10.742, 15.492, all P&#x003C;0.01). The survival time of fluorescein in FLS(0.5%)group was significantly shorter than that of the other four groups(t=8.226, 7.458, 9.159, 12.347, all P&#x003C;0.01). The survival time of fluorescein in FLS(1.5%)group was significantly longer than that of FLS(1.0%)and FLS(2.0%)group(t=15.428, 13.274, all P&#x003C;0.05). TBUT in FLS(0.5%)group was significantly higher than that of the other four groups at 2min(t=22.767, 22.345, 15.494, 17.213, all P&#x003C;0.01), and was significantly lower than that of the other four groups at 10min(t=23.266, 25.353, 10.183, 22.025, all P&#x003C;0.01). The mean first TBUT of FLS(1.5%)group was significantly shorter than that of the other four groups(t=25.236, 21.374, 19.658, 72.341, all P&#x003C;0.01), and the mean first TBUT of FLSP group was significantly longer than that of the other four groups(t=22.487, 30.267, 60.247, 40.857, all P&#x003C;0.01). There was no significant correlation between TBUT and ocular surface disease index(OSDI)and tear river height(rs=-0.072, 0.219, P=0.689, 0.112). TBUT was positively correlated with tear secretion(rs=0.674, P&#x003C;0.01).CONCLUSION: FLS(0.5%)had higher image quality but it was only suitable for observing staining within 5min, and the FLSP group was more suitable for clinical observation of corneal fluorescence staining for a longer period; FLS(1.5%)was the most stable and reliable concentration and dose for the detection of TBUT.

A randomized controlled study on an integrated approach to prevent and treat re-adhesion after transcervical resection of moderate-to-severe intrauterine adhesions

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy of an integrated approach to prevent and treat the recurrence of moderate-to-severe intrauterine adhesions (IUA) after hysteroscopic transcervical resection of adhesion (TCRA). METHODS: The study included a total of 70 patients with moderate-to-severe IUAs who underwent TCRA. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (n=35) and control group n=35). In the treatment group, patients underwent balloon uterine stent placement and artificial cycle as well as received intrauterine perfusion of Danshen injection and oral Chinese medicine. In the control group, patients underwent balloon uterine stent placement and artificial cycle as well as received hyaluronic acid sodium and intrauterine device (IUD). Follow-up was performed after treatment of uterine cavity, menstruation and pregnancy. RESULTS: After 3 months of treatment, we observed a significantly lower rate of intrauterine re-adhesion (45.71% versus 77.14%, p=0.044) and significantly higher clinical efficiency (82.86% versus 77.14%, p=0.025) in the treatment group than those in the control group. After 6 months of treatment, we observed a significantly higher clinical efficiency in the treatment group than that in the control group (88.57% versus 68.57%, p=0.039). During the follow-up period, the pregnancy rate was 45.71% and 37.14% in the treatment group and control group, respectively, although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.628). CONCLUSIONS: After surgical management of IUA, the integrated treatment combining a uterus stent placement and artificial cycle with Danshen injection and oral Chinese medicine can improve the condition of menstruation, and prevent and treat recurrence of IUA.

Effect of acupuncture on the cognitive function of migraine patients with depression/anxiety disorder / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of five-element acupuncture on the cognitive function repair of migraine patients with depression/anxiety disorder.@*METHODS@#The migraine patients with depression/anxiety disorder (19 cases, 5 cases dropped off) were taken as the observation group, and received five-element acupuncture twice a week for 8 weeks. Healthy subjects (19 cases) were selected by demographic data matching as the control group. The cognitive function was evaluated with the event related potential (ERP) technique, and the latency and amplitude of visual evoked potential P300 were adopted as the observation indexes. The headache days (every 4 weeks), headache intensity [visual analogue scale(VAS) score], and headache impact test-6 (HIT-6) score, Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) score and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) score were used as the observation indexes for curative effect.@*RESULTS@#Before the treatment, latency of target stimulus at Fz [ (417.5±34.3) ms] in the observation group was extended compared with the healthy subjects of the control group [(388.6±42.1) ms, @*CONCLUSION@#There are some cognitive impairments in migraine patients with depression/anxiety disorder. Five-element acupuncture not only relieves headache, anxiety and depression effectively, but also improves the activation level of the frontal lobe. It significantly repairs the impaired cognitive function.

Research progress and thinking on improving physicochemical properties and efficacy of the active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine based on crystal structure / 药学学报

The active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine have been reported to possess significant pharmacological activity and played an important role in clinical treatments. However, lots of the active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine suffer from disadvantages such as low solubility, high melting point and low stability that results in low bioavailability and limit its clinical application. Crystal structure plays an important role in improving physicochemical properties and efficacy of the active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine. This review concludes the research advances of several crystal forms used in the active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine in terms of polymorph, cocrystal, amorphous/coamorphous and nanocrystal. And the effects of crystal forms on the physicochemical properties and efficacy of the active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine were reviewed. This research may be useful for the formulation preparation and development of the active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine.

Analysis of vaccination certificate inspection and supplementary immunization among children entering kindergarten and school in Chaoyang District, Beijing from 2014 to 2020 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the situation relating to vaccination certificate inspection and supplementary immunization among children entering kindergarten and school in Chaoyang District.@*Methods@#The data on vaccination certificate inspection and supplementary immunization among children entering kindergarten and school in Chaoyang District from 2014 to 2020 were reviewed and statistically analyzed.@*Results@#From 2014 to 2020, a total of 5 886 kindergartens and primary and secondary schools in Chaoyang District inspected the vaccination certificates of children entering kindergarten and school, and the coverage rate of inspection was 100%. A total of 605 675 children were inspected, and the coverage rate of inspection was 100%. The average certificate holding rate of children was 99.35%. The certificate holding rate of children in each year was between 99.29% and 99.97%, the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=3 389.80, P <0.01), and an overall increasing trend was observed. There were statistically significant differences in children s certificate holding rates among different institutions ( χ 2=1 276.81, P <0.01) and different household registrations ( χ 2=1 476.78, P <0.01). The certificate replenishment rate for children entering kindergarten and school was 100%. As part of the national immunization plan, eight types of vaccines have been supplemented with 71 875 doses in total, with an average supplement rate of 99.71%. The vaccine supplement rate has been increasing annually, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=414.10, P <0.01). After 2017, the vaccine supplement rate reached 100%. In respect to the eight national immunization program vaccines, the number of replenishing doses has been decreasing annually. In the case of replenishing doses, the top three vaccines were MMR vaccine, MPSV vaccine and DT vaccine.@*Conclusion@#The work carried out as part of vaccination certificate inspection and supplementary immunization among children entering kindergarten and school in Chaoyang District has continued to improve. The children s certificate holding rate, the certificate replenishment rate, and the vaccine supplement rate are maintained at a high level.

A Meta analysis on the effectiveness of multiple health education implementation forms on exercise behavior among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To compare the effectiveness of three forms of health education including classroom teaching, network teaching and after class tutoring on exercise behavior among college students.@*Methods@#A literature search was performed using web of science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and CNKI database on randomized controlled trials of health education intervention on exercise behavior among college students. Literature filtering, data extraction, and assessment of the risks of bias were conducted by two independent researchers using Stata 16.0 software based on traditional Meta analysis and network meta analysis.@*Results@#A total of 23 literatures were included. The results showed that health education courses could effectively increase the weekly exercise time of college students( SMD =0.29), exercise frequency ( SMD =0.25) and number of students participating in exercise( OR =1.33). Subgroup analysis revealed that the increase in classroom teaching and network teaching associated with increased weekly exercise time ( SMD =0.45, 0.36), exercise frequency ( SMD =0.22, 0.37) and exercise number ( OR =1.36, 1.26)(all P <0.05); The effect of after class tutoring on the time and frequency of weekly exercise was not statistically significant( P >0.05). Indirect comparison showed that the effects of classroom teaching and network teaching on weekly exercise time, and exercise frequency were superior to that of extracurricular counselling( P <0.05); There were no significant differences in the weekly exercise time, frequency and number of participants between the two groups( P >0.05). Based on SUCRA method and the effect size, health education in the form of classroom teaching may have the greatest effect on the weekly exercise time, frequency and the number of students participating in the exercise( SUCRA =91.5, 94.1, 87.1).@*Conclusion@#Health education in the form of classroom teaching and network teaching can positively influence exercise behavior of college students.It is suggested that health education courses should be carried out in college courses so as to better promote college students to participate in physical exercise.